The Genome Sequence of
Drosophila melanogaster
Author:
Adams Mark D.1, Celniker Susan E.2, Holt Robert A.1, Evans Cheryl A.1, Gocayne Jeannine D.1, Amanatides Peter G.1, Scherer Steven E.3, Li Peter W.1, Hoskins Roger A.2, Galle Richard F.2, George Reed A.2, Lewis Suzanna E.4, Richards Stephen2, Ashburner Michael5, Henderson Scott N.1, Sutton Granger G.1, Wortman Jennifer R.1, Yandell Mark D.1, Zhang Qing1, Chen Lin X.1, Brandon Rhonda C.1, Rogers Yu-Hui C.1, Blazej Robert G.2, Champe Mark2, Pfeiffer Barret D.2, Wan Kenneth H.2, Doyle Clare2, Baxter Evan G.2, Helt Gregg6, Nelson Catherine R.4, Gabor George L., Miklos 7, Abril Josep F.8, Agbayani Anna2, An Hui-Jin1, Andrews-Pfannkoch Cynthia1, Baldwin Danita1, Ballew Richard M.1, Basu Anand1, Baxendale James1, Bayraktaroglu Leyla9, Beasley Ellen M.1, Beeson Karen Y.1, Benos P. V.10, Berman Benjamin P.2, Bhandari Deepali1, Bolshakov Slava11, Borkova Dana12, Botchan Michael R.13, Bouck John3, Brokstein Peter4, Brottier Phillipe14, Burtis Kenneth C.15, Busam Dana A.1, Butler Heather16, Cadieu Edouard17, Center Angela1, Chandra Ishwar1, Cherry J. Michael18, Cawley Simon19, Dahlke Carl1, Davenport Lionel B.1, Davies Peter1, Pablos Beatriz de20, Delcher Arthur1, Deng Zuoming1, Mays Anne Deslattes1, Dew Ian1, Dietz Suzanne M.1, Dodson Kristina1, Doup Lisa E.1, Downes Michael21, Dugan-Rocha Shannon3, Dunkov Boris C.22, Dunn Patrick1, Durbin Kenneth J.3, Evangelista Carlos C.1, Ferraz Concepcion23, Ferriera Steven1, Fleischmann Wolfgang5, Fosler Carl1, Gabrielian Andrei E.1, Garg Neha S.1, Gelbart William M.9, Glasser Ken1, Glodek Anna1, Gong Fangcheng1, Gorrell J. Harley3, Gu Zhiping1, Guan Ping1, Harris Michael1, Harris Nomi L.2, Harvey Damon4, Heiman Thomas J.1, Hernandez Judith R.3, Houck Jarrett1, Hostin Damon1, Houston Kathryn A.2, Howland Timothy J.1, Wei Ming-Hui1, Ibegwam Chinyere1, Jalali Mena1, Kalush Francis1, Karpen Gary H.21, Ke Zhaoxi1, Kennison James A.24, Ketchum Karen A.1, Kimmel Bruce E.2, Kodira Chinnappa D.1, Kraft Cheryl1, Kravitz Saul1, Kulp David6, Lai Zhongwu1, Lasko Paul25, Lei Yiding1, Levitsky Alexander A.1, Li Jiayin1, Li Zhenya1, Liang Yong1, Lin Xiaoying26, Liu Xiangjun1, Mattei Bettina1, McIntosh Tina C.1, McLeod Michael P.3, McPherson Duncan1, Merkulov Gennady1, Milshina Natalia V.1, Mobarry Clark1, Morris Joe6, Moshrefi Ali2, Mount Stephen M.27, Moy Mee1, Murphy Brian1, Murphy Lee28, Muzny Donna M.3, Nelson David L.3, Nelson David R.29, Nelson Keith A.1, Nixon Katherine2, Nusskern Deborah R.1, Pacleb Joanne M.2, Palazzolo Michael2, Pittman Gjange S.1, Pan Sue1, Pollard John1, Puri Vinita1, Reese Martin G.4, Reinert Knut1, Remington Karin1, Saunders Robert D. C.30, Scheeler Frederick1, Shen Hua3, Shue Bixiang Christopher1, Sidén-Kiamos Inga11, Simpson Michael1, Skupski Marian P.1, Smith Tom1, Spier Eugene1, Spradling Allan C.31, Stapleton Mark2, Strong Renee1, Sun Eric1, Svirskas Robert32, Tector Cyndee1, Turner Russell1, Venter Eli1, Wang Aihui H.1, Wang Xin1, Wang Zhen-Yuan1, Wassarman David A.33, Weinstock George M.3, Weissenbach Jean14, Williams Sherita M.1, Woodage Trevor1, Worley Kim C.3, Wu David1, Yang Song2, Yao Q. Alison1, Ye Jane1, Yeh Ru-Fang19, Zaveri Jayshree S.1, Zhan Ming1, Zhang Guangren1, Zhao Qi1, Zheng Liansheng1, Zheng Xiangqun H.1, Zhong Fei N.1, Zhong Wenyan1, Zhou Xiaojun3, Zhu Shiaoping1, Zhu Xiaohong1, Smith Hamilton O.1, Gibbs Richard A.3, Myers Eugene W.1, Rubin Gerald M.34, Venter J. Craig1
Affiliation:
1. Celera Genomics, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. 2. Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project (BDGP), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. 3. Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. 4. BDGP, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. 5. European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)–European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK. 6. Neomorphic Inc., 2612 Eighth Street, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA. 7. GenetixXpress Pty. Ltd., 78 Pacific Road, Palm Beach, Sydney, NSW 2108, Australia. 8. Department of Medical Informatics, IMIM–UPF C/Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. 9. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. 10. Department of Genetics, Box 8232, Washington University Medical School, 4566 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. 11. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Forth, Heraklion, Greece. 12. European Drosophila Genome Project (EDGP), EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany. 13. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA. 14. Genoscope, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91000 Evry, France. 15. Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA. 16. Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK. 17. EDGP, Rennes University Medical School, UPR 41 CNRS Recombinaisons Genetiques, Faculte de Medicine, 2 av. du Pr. Leon Bernard, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France. 18. Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA. 19. Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. 20. EDGP, Centro de Biologı́a Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain. 21. MBVL, Salk Institute, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. 22. Department of Biochemistry and Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. 23. EDGP, Montpellier University Medical School, Institut de Genetique Humaine, CNRS (CRBM), 114 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. 24. Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. 25. Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 26. The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. 27. Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. 28. EDGP, Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. 29. Department of Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. 30. EDGP, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK, and Department of Biological Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK. 31. HHMI/Embryology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA. 32. Motorola BioChip Systems, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA. 33. Cell Biology and Metabolism Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. 34. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, BDGP, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Abstract
The fly
Drosophila melanogaster
is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of nearly all of the ∼120-megabase euchromatic portion of the
Drosophila
genome using a whole-genome shotgun sequencing strategy supported by extensive clone-based sequence and a high-quality bacterial artificial chromosome physical map. Efforts are under way to close the remaining gaps; however, the sequence is of sufficient accuracy and contiguity to be declared substantially complete and to support an initial analysis of genome structure and preliminary gene annotation and interpretation. The genome encodes ∼13,600 genes, somewhat fewer than the smaller
Caenorhabditis elegans
genome, but with comparable functional diversity.
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Subject
Multidisciplinary
Cited by
5106 articles.
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