Molecular Architecture and Evolution of a Modular Spider Silk Protein Gene

Author:

Hayashi Cheryl Y.1,Lewis Randolph V.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071–3944, USA.

Abstract

Spider flagelliform silk is one of the most elastic natural materials known. Extensive sequencing of spider silk genes has shown that the exons and introns of the flagelliform gene underwent intragenic concerted evolution. The intron sequences are more homogenized within a species than are the exons. This pattern can be explained by extreme mutation and recombination pressures on the internally repetitive exons. The iterated sequences within exons encode protein structures that are critical to the function of silks. Therefore, attributes that make silks exceptional biomaterials may also hinder the fixation of optimally adapted protein sequences.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference27 articles.

1. Gosline J., DeMont M., Denny M., Endeavour 10, 37 (1986).

2. Hayashi C., Lewis R., J. Mol. Biol. 275, 773 (1998).

3. A λFixII (Stratagene) library of N.c. genomic DNA was a gift from M. Hinman. A λGem-12 (Promega) library was constructed from N.m. genomic DNA. Libraries were screened with the radiolabeled oligonucleotide CCWCCWGGWCCNNNWCCWCCWGGWCC (W = A or T; N = A G C or T). Flag inserts were subcloned into pGEM (Promega) vectors and sequenced in both directions with universal or gene-specific primers. To sequence through long highly repetitive regions sets of nested deletions were created with the Erase-A-Base kit (Promega) or transposons were inserted using the Genome Priming System (New England Biolabs). An additional 2.8 kb of the Flag gene from N.c. was amplified by polymerase chain reaction with the primers CGCTTCTGAAACGAAAAAGG and GCGAACATTCTTCCTACAGA ligated into pGEM3z-f(+) (Promega) and duplicate clones were sequenced as described above.

4. Structure of a protein superfiber: spider dragline silk.

5. Isolation of a clone encoding a second dragline silk fibroin. Nephila clavipes dragline silk is a two-protein fiber.

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