Economic Reasons for Conserving Wild Nature-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Economic Reasons for Conserving Wild Nature

Published:2002-08-09 Issue:5583 Volume:297 Page:950-953
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Balmford Andrew¹,Bruner Aaron²,Cooper Philip³,Costanza Robert⁴,Farber Stephen⁵,Green Rhys E.¹⁶,Jenkins Martin⁷,Jefferiss Paul⁶,Jessamy Valma³,Madden Joah¹,Munro Kat¹,Myers Norman⁸,Naeem Shahid⁹,Paavola Jouni³,Rayment Matthew⁶,Rosendo Sergio³,Roughgarden Joan¹⁰,Trumper Kate¹,Turner R. Kerry³

Affiliation:

1. Conservation Biology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.

2. Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International, 1919 M Street, NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA.

3. Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.

4. Center for Environmental Science, Biology Department and Institute for Ecological Economics, University of Maryland, Box 38, Solomons, MD 20688, USA.

5. Graduate School of Public and International Affairs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.

6. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK.

7. UN Environment Programme–World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 ODL, UK.

8. Green College, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK; and Upper Meadow, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 8SZ, UK.

9. Department of Zoology, University of Washington, 24 Kincaid Hall, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195–1800, USA.

10. Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Abstract

On the eve of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, it is timely to assess progress over the 10 years since its predecessor in Rio de Janeiro. Loss and degradation of remaining natural habitats has continued largely unabated. However, evidence has been accumulating that such systems generate marked economic benefits, which the available data suggest exceed those obtained from continued habitat conversion. We estimate that the overall benefit:cost ratio of an effective global program for the conservation of remaining wild nature is at least 100:1.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference41 articles.

1. By “wild nature” we mean habitat in which biodiversity nonbiotic components and ecosystem functioning are sufficiently intact that the majority of ecosystem services typically derived from such a habitat are still being sustainably and reliably supplied. Our usage differs from other usages such as those adopted in cultural or anthropological studies. Because our focus is on wild nature we excluded the cropland and urban biomes when using data from table 2 of (3).

2. G. C. Daily Ed. Nature's Services (Island Press Washington DC 1997).

3. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital

4. The hedonic price method values environmental services by comparing market prices (e.g. for residential housing) across situations which differ in the provision of those services. Contingent valuation involves asking respondents how much they would be prepared to pay for a particular environmental benefit (such as ensuring the survival of a species or habitat) or how much compensation they would demand for its loss. The replacement cost technique quantifies the cost of restoring or synthetically replacing an ecosystem service.

5. SPECIAL SECTION: FORUM ON VALUATION OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

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