1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
2. Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
3. IBM/Macronix Phase Change Random Access Memory Joint Project, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA 95120, USA.
4. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.