1. Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
2. Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
3. Department of Earth and Environment, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA.
4. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013, USA.
5. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK.
6. Computational Science Laboratory, Microsoft Research, Cambridge CB1 2FB, UK.
7. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
8. Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
9. Environmental Science Program, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L 1A5, Canada.
10. Center for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
11. Department of Geology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA.
12. National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
13. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
14. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 0843-03092, Balboa, Republic of Panamá.
15. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.