Comparative genomics of Balto, a famous historic dog, captures lost diversity of 1920s sled dogs
Author:
Moon Katherine L.12ORCID, Huson Heather J.3ORCID, Morrill Kathleen456ORCID, Wang Ming-Shan12ORCID, Li Xue456ORCID, Srikanth Krishnamoorthy3ORCID, Lindblad-Toh Kerstin67ORCID, Svenson Gavin J.8ORCID, Karlsson Elinor K.45ORCID, Shapiro Beth12ORCID, Andrews Gregory, Armstrong Joel C., Bianchi Matteo, Birren Bruce W., Bredemeyer Kevin R., Breit Ana M., Christmas Matthew J., Clawson Hiram, Damas Joana, Di Palma Federica, Diekhans Mark, Dong Michael X., Eizirik Eduardo, Fan Kaili, Fanter Cornelia, Foley Nicole M., Forsberg-Nilsson Karin, Garcia Carlos J., Gatesy John, Gazal Steven, Genereux Diane P., Goodman Linda, Grimshaw Jenna, Halsey Michaela K., Harris Andrew J., Hickey Glenn, Hiller Michael, Hindle Allyson G., Hubley Robert M., Hughes Graham M., Johnson Jeremy, Juan David, Kaplow Irene M., Karlsson Elinor K., Keough Kathleen C., Kirilenko Bogdan, Koepfli Klaus-Peter, Korstian Jennifer M., Kowalczyk Amanda, Kozyrev Sergey V., Lawler Alyssa J., Lawless Colleen, Lehmann Thomas, Levesque Danielle L., Lewin Harris A., Li Xue, Lind Abigail, Lindblad-Toh Kerstin, Mackay-Smith Ava, Marinescu Voichita D., Marques-Bonet Tomas, Mason Victor C., Meadows Jennifer R. S., Meyer Wynn K., Moore Jill E., Moreira Lucas R., Moreno-Santillan Diana D., Morrill Kathleen M., Muntané Gerard, Murphy William J., Navarro Arcadi, Nweeia Martin, Ortmann Sylvia, Osmanski Austin, Paten Benedict, Paulat Nicole S., Pfenning Andreas R., Phan BaDoi N., Pollard Katherine S., Pratt Henry E., Ray David A., Reilly Steven K., Rosen Jeb R., Ruf Irina, Ryan Louise, Ryder Oliver A., Sabeti Pardis C., Schäffer Daniel E., Serres Aitor, Shapiro Beth, Smit Arian F. A., Springer Mark, Srinivasan Chaitanya, Steiner Cynthia, Storer Jessica M., Sullivan Kevin A. M., Sullivan Patrick F., Sundström Elisabeth, Supple Megan A., Swofford Ross, Talbot Joy-El, Teeling Emma, Turner-Maier Jason, Valenzuela Alejandro, Wagner Franziska, Wallerman Ola, Wang Chao, Wang Juehan, Weng Zhiping, Wilder Aryn P., Wirthlin Morgan E., Xue James R., Zhang Xiaomeng,
Affiliation:
1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. 2. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. 3. Department of Animal Sciences, Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. 4. Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. 5. Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. 6. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. 7. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University; 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden. 8. Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Abstract
We reconstruct the phenotype of Balto, the heroic sled dog renowned for transporting diphtheria antitoxin to Nome, Alaska, in 1925, using evolutionary constraint estimates from the Zoonomia alignment of 240 mammals and 682 genomes from dogs and wolves of the 21st century. Balto shares just part of his diverse ancestry with the eponymous Siberian husky breed. Balto’s genotype predicts a combination of coat features atypical for modern sled dog breeds, and a slightly smaller stature. He had enhanced starch digestion compared with Greenland sled dogs and a compendium of derived homozygous coding variants at constrained positions in genes connected to bone and skin development. We propose that Balto’s population of origin, which was less inbred and genetically healthier than that of modern breeds, was adapted to the extreme environment of 1920s Alaska.
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Subject
Multidisciplinary
Cited by
1 articles.
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