The Rise of Oxygen over the Past 205 Million Years and the Evolution of Large Placental Mammals

Author:

Falkowski Paul G.12345,Katz Miriam E.12345,Milligan Allen J.12345,Fennel Katja12345,Cramer Benjamin S.12345,Aubry Marie Pierre12345,Berner Robert A.12345,Novacek Michael J.12345,Zapol Warren M.12345

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

2. Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

3. Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520–8109, USA.

4. Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024–5192, USA.

5. Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Harvard Medical School at Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Abstract

On the basis of a carbon isotopic record of both marine carbonates and organic matter from the Triassic-Jurassic boundary to the present, we modeled oxygen concentrations over the past 205 million years. Our analysis indicates that atmospheric oxygen approximately doubled over this period, with relatively rapid increases in the early Jurassic and the Eocene. We suggest that the overall increase in oxygen, mediated by the formation of passive continental margins along the Atlantic Ocean during the opening phase of the current Wilson cycle, was a critical factor in the evolution, radiation, and subsequent increase in average size of placental mammals.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference33 articles.

1. H. Tappan, in Molecular Oxygen in Biology: Topics in Molecular Oxygen Research, O. Hayaishi, Ed. (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1974), chap. 3, pp. 81–135.

2. Biochemical Adaptation: Mechanism and Process in Physiological Evolution 2002

3. R. Garrels, A. Lerman, Am. J. Sci.303, 94 (1984).

4. The Chemical Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans 1984

5. Isotope Fractionation and Atmospheric Oxygen: Implications for Phanerozoic O 2 Evolution

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