Somatic evolution and global expansion of an ancient transmissible cancer lineage

Author:

Baez-Ortega Adrian1ORCID,Gori Kevin1ORCID,Strakova Andrea1ORCID,Allen Janice L.2,Allum Karen M.3,Bansse-Issa Leontine4,Bhutia Thinlay N.5,Bisson Jocelyn L.16ORCID,Briceño Cristóbal7ORCID,Castillo Domracheva Artemio8,Corrigan Anne M.9,Cran Hugh R.10,Crawford Jane T.11,Davis Eric12ORCID,de Castro Karina F.13,B. de Nardi Andrigo14ORCID,de Vos Anna P.15,Delgadillo Keenan Laura16,Donelan Edward M.2ORCID,Espinoza Huerta Adela R.17ORCID,Faramade Ibikunle A.18,Fazil Mohammed19ORCID,Fotopoulou Eleni20,Fruean Skye N.21,Gallardo-Arrieta Fanny22,Glebova Olga23,Gouletsou Pagona G.24ORCID,Häfelin Manrique Rodrigo F.25,Henriques Joaquim J. G. P.26ORCID,Horta Rodrigo S.27,Ignatenko Natalia28,Kane Yaghouba29,King Cathy3,Koenig Debbie3,Krupa Ada30,Kruzeniski Steven J.17,Kwon Young-Mi1,Lanza-Perea Marta9,Lazyan Mihran31,Lopez Quintana Adriana M.32ORCID,Losfelt Thibault33,Marino Gabriele34,Martínez Castañeda Simón35ORCID,Martínez-López Mayra F.3637ORCID,Meyer Michael38,Migneco Edward J.39,Nakanwagi Berna40,Neal Karter B.41,Neunzig Winifred3,Ní Leathlobhair Máire1ORCID,Nixon Sally J.42,Ortega-Pacheco Antonio43ORCID,Pedraza-Ordoñez Francisco44ORCID,Peleteiro Maria C.45,Polak Katherine46,Pye Ruth J.47ORCID,Reece John F.48,Rojas Gutierrez Jose49,Sadia Haleema50,Schmeling Sheila K.51ORCID,Shamanova Olga52,Sherlock Alan G.47,Stammnitz Maximilian1ORCID,Steenland-Smit Audrey E.4,Svitich Alla53,Tapia Martínez Lester J.17,Thoya Ngoka Ismail54,Torres Cristian G.55ORCID,Tudor Elizabeth M.56,van der Wel Mirjam G.57,Viţălaru Bogdan A.58,Vural Sevil A.59ORCID,Walkinton Oliver47,Wang Jinhong1ORCID,Wehrle-Martinez Alvaro S.60,Widdowson Sophie A. E.61,Stratton Michael R.62ORCID,Alexandrov Ludmil B.63ORCID,Martincorena Iñigo62ORCID,Murchison Elizabeth P.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

2. Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities (AMRRIC), Darwin, Australia.

3. World Vets, Gig Harbor, USA.

4. Animal Shelter, Stichting Dierenbescherming Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname.

5. Sikkim Anti-Rabies and Animal Health Programme, Department of Animal Husbandry, Livestock, Fisheries and Veterinary Services, Government of Sikkim, India.

6. Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK.

7. ConserLab, Animal Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.

8. Corozal Veterinary Hospital, University of Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama.

9. St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada.

10. The Nakuru District Veterinary Scheme Ltd, Nakuru, Kenya.

11. Animal Medical Centre, Belize City, Belize.

12. International Animal Welfare Training Institute, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.

13. Centro Universitário de Rio Preto (UNIRP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

14. Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil.

15. Ladybrand Animal Clinic, Ladybrand, South Africa.

16. Veterinary Clinic Sr. Dog’s, Guadalajara, Mexico.

17. World Vets Latin America Veterinary Training Center, Granada, Nicaragua.

18. National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria.

19. Animal Clinic, Mombasa, Kenya.

20. Intermunicipal Stray Animals Care Centre (DIKEPAZ), Perama, Greece.

21. Animal Protection Society of Samoa, Apia, Samoa.

22. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.

23. Veterinary Clinic BIOCONTROL, Moscow, Russia.

24. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.

25. Veterinary Clinic El Roble, Animal Healthcare Network, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.

26. OnevetGroup, Hospital Veterinário Berna, Lisboa, Portugal.

27. Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil.

28. Veterinary Clinic Zoovetservis, Kiev, Ukraine.

29. École Inter-états des Sciences et Médecine Vétérinaires de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.

30. Department of Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.

31. Vetexpert Veterinary Group, Yerevan, Armenia.

32. Veterinary Clinic Lopez Quintana, Maldonado, Uruguay.

33. Clinique Veterinaire de Grand Fond, Saint Gilles les Bains, Reunion, France.

34. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

35. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Mexico.

36. School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.

37. Cancer Development and Innate Immune Evasion Lab, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.

38. Touray & Meyer Vet Clinic, Serrekunda, The Gambia.

39. Hillside Animal Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.

40. The Kampala Veterinary Surgery, Kampala, Uganda.

41. Asavet Veterinary Charities, Tucson, AZ, USA.

42. Vets Beyond Borders, Bylakuppe, India.

43. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Yucatan, Merida, Mexico.

44. Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.

45. Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.

46. Four Paws International, Vienna, Austria.

47. Vets Beyond Borders, The Rocks, Australia.

48. Help in Suffering, Jaipur, India.

49. Veterinary Clinic Dr José Rojas, Los Andes, Chile.

50. Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan.

51. Corozal Veterinary Clinic, Corozal Town, Belize.

52. Veterinary Clinic Vetmaster, Ramenskoye, Russia.

53. State Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Dniprodzerzhynsk, Ukraine.

54. Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya.

55. Laboratory of Biomedicine and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

56. Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

57. Animal Anti Cruelty League, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

58. Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.

59. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.

60. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay.

61. Lilongwe Society for Protection and Care of Animals (LSPCA), Lilongwe, Malawi.

62. Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.

63. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Abstract

It's a dog's life Canine transmissible venereal tumor is one of the few cancer lineages that is transferred among individuals through contact. It arose millennia ago and has been evolving independently from its hosts ever since. Baez-Ortega et al. looked at the phylogenetic history of the cancer and describe several distinctive mutational patterns (see the Perspective by Maley and Shibata). Most notably, both positive and negative selection show only weak or distant signals. This suggests that the main driver of the lineage's evolution is neutral genetic drift. Understanding the influence of drift may reshape how we think about long-term cancer evolution. Science , this issue p. eaau9923 ; see also p. 440

Funder

Wellcome

Leverhulme Trust

Kennel Club Charitable Trust

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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