Marine transmissible cancer navigates urbanized waters, threatening spillover

Author:

Hammel M.12ORCID,Touchard F.1,Burioli E. A. V.12ORCID,Paradis L.1ORCID,Cerqueira F.1,Chailler E.1,Bernard I.3ORCID,Cochet H.4,Simon A.1ORCID,Thomas F.5ORCID,Destoumieux-Garzón D.2ORCID,Charrière G. M.2ORCID,Bierne N.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. ISEM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, Occitanie, France

2. IHPE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France

3. Eurêka Mer, Lézardrieux, France

4. Cochet Environnement, 56550 Locoal, France

5. CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France

Abstract

Inter-individual transmission of cancer cells represents a unique form of microparasites increasingly reported in marine bivalves. In this study, we sought to understand the ecology of the propagation of Mytilus trossulus Bivalve Transmissible Neoplasia 2 (MtrBTN2), a transmissible cancer affecting four Mytilus mussel species worldwide. We investigated the prevalence of MtrBTN2 in the mosaic hybrid zone of M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis along the French Atlantic coast, sampling contrasting natural and anthropogenic habitats. We observed a similar prevalence in both species, probably due to the spatial proximity of the two species in this region. Our results showed that ports had higher prevalence of MtrBTN2, with a possible hotspot observed at a shuttle landing dock. No cancer was found in natural beds except for two sites close to the hotspot, suggesting spillover. Ports may provide favourable conditions for the transmission of MtrBTN2, such as high mussel density, stressful conditions, sheltered and confined shores or buffered temperatures. Ships may also spread the disease through biofouling. Our results suggest ports may serve as epidemiological hubs, with maritime routes providing artificial gateways for MtrBTN2 propagation. This highlights the importance of preventing biofouling on docks and ship hulls to limit the spread of marine pathogens hosted by fouling species.

Funder

Montpellier Université d'Excellence

Centre Méditerranéen de l'Environnement et de la Biodiversité

MAVA Foundation

Laboratoire d'Excellence TULIP

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

Publisher

The Royal Society

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