Extinct in the wild: The precarious state of Earth’s most threatened group of species-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Extinct in the wild: The precarious state of Earth’s most threatened group of species

Published:2023-02-24 Issue:6634 Volume:379 Page:
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Smith Donal¹^ORCID,Abeli Thomas²³^ORCID,Bruns Emily Beckman⁴⁵^ORCID,Dalrymple Sarah E.³⁶^ORCID,Foster Jeremy⁴⁵⁷^ORCID,Gilbert Tania C.³⁸⁹^ORCID,Hogg Carolyn J.³¹⁰^ORCID,Lloyd Natasha A.³¹¹^ORCID,Meyer Abby⁴^ORCID,Moehrenschlager Axel³¹¹¹²^ORCID,Murrell Olivia⁴⁵⁷^ORCID,Rodriguez Jon Paul¹³¹⁴^ORCID,Smith Paul P.¹⁵^ORCID,Terry Andrew¹⁶^ORCID,Ewen John G.¹³^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.

2. Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, Roma, Italy.

3. IUCN SSC Conservation Translocation Specialist Group, Calgary, Canada

4. Botanic Gardens Conservation International-US, San Marino, CA, USA.

5. Chicago Botanic Gardens, Chicago, IL, USA.

6. School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.

7. Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

8. Marwell Wildlife, Hampshire, UK.

9. School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

10. Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

11. Wilder Institute / Calgary Zoo, Calgary, Canada.

12. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Canada.

13. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Caracas, Venezuela.

14. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, and Provita, Caracas, Venezuela.

15. Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Surrey, UK.

16. Zoological Society of London, London, UK.

Abstract

Extinct in the Wild (EW) species are placed at the highest risk of extinction under the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List, but the extent and variation in this risk have never been evaluated. Harnessing global databases of ex situ animal and plant holdings, we report on the perilous state of EW species. Most EW animal species—already compromised by their small number of founders—are maintained at population sizes far below the thresholds necessary to ensure demographic security. Most EW plant species depend on live propagation by a small number of botanic gardens, with a minority secured at seed bank institutions. Both extinctions and recoveries are possible fates for EW species. We urgently call for international effort to enable the latter.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Link

https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/science.add2889

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