Madagascar’s extraordinary biodiversity: Threats and opportunities-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Madagascar’s extraordinary biodiversity: Threats and opportunities

Published:2022-12-02 Issue:6623 Volume:378 Page:
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Ralimanana Hélène¹^ORCID,Perrigo Allison L.²³^ORCID,Smith Rhian J.³⁴^ORCID,Borrell James S.⁴^ORCID,Faurby Søren²³^ORCID,Rajaonah Mamy Tiana¹^ORCID,Randriamboavonjy Tianjanahary¹^ORCID,Vorontsova Maria S.⁴^ORCID,Cooke Robert S. C.²³⁵^ORCID,Phelps Leanne N.⁶⁷^ORCID,Sayol Ferran³⁸^ORCID,Andela Niels⁹,Andermann Tobias²³¹⁰¹¹^ORCID,Andriamanohera Andotiana M.¹^ORCID,Andriambololonera Sylvie¹²,Bachman Steven P.⁴^ORCID,Bacon Christine D.²³^ORCID,Baker William J.⁴^ORCID,Belluardo Francesco¹³¹⁴¹⁵^ORCID,Birkinshaw Chris¹²¹⁶,Cable Stuart⁴^ORCID,Canales Nataly A.¹⁷^ORCID,Carrillo Juan D.³¹¹¹⁸¹⁹^ORCID,Clegg Rosie⁴²⁰^ORCID,Clubbe Colin⁴^ORCID,Crottini Angelica¹³¹⁴¹⁵^ORCID,Damasco Gabriel²²¹,Dhanda Sonia⁴^ORCID,Edler Daniel²³²²^ORCID,Farooq Harith²³²³^ORCID,de Lima Ferreira Paola²³²⁴^ORCID,Fisher Brian L.²⁵^ORCID,Forest Félix⁴^ORCID,Gardiner Lauren M.²⁶^ORCID,Goodman Steven M.²⁷²⁸^ORCID,Grace Olwen M.⁴^ORCID,Guedes Thaís B.²⁹^ORCID,Hackel Jan⁴^ORCID,Henniges Marie C.⁴³⁰,Hill Rowena⁴³⁰^ORCID,Lehmann Caroline E. R.⁶⁷^ORCID,Lowry Porter P.¹⁶³¹^ORCID,Marline Lovanomenjanahary¹³²⁷^ORCID,Matos-Maraví Pável³²⁴^ORCID,Moat Justin⁴^ORCID,Neves Beatriz³³²^ORCID,Nogueira Matheus G. C.³³²^ORCID,Onstein Renske E.³³³⁴^ORCID,Papadopulos Alexander S. T.³⁵,Perez-Escobar Oscar A.⁴^ORCID,Phillipson Peter B.¹⁶³¹^ORCID,Pironon Samuel⁴³⁶^ORCID,Przelomska Natalia A. S.⁴³⁷^ORCID,Rabarimanarivo Marina¹²^ORCID,Rabehevitra David¹^ORCID,Raharimampionona Jeannie¹²,Rajaonary Fano¹²,Rajaovelona Landy R.¹,Rakotoarinivo Mijoro³⁸^ORCID,Rakotoarisoa Amédée A.¹,Rakotoarisoa Solofo E.¹,Rakotomalala Herizo N.¹,Rakotonasolo Franck¹,Ralaiveloarisoa Berthe A.¹^ORCID,Ramirez-Herranz Myriam³³⁹⁴⁰^ORCID,Randriamamonjy Jean Emmanuel N.¹,Randrianasolo Vonona¹,Rasolohery Andriambolantsoa⁴¹^ORCID,Ratsifandrihamanana Anitry N.⁴²,Ravololomanana Noro¹²,Razafiniary Velosoa¹,Razanajatovo Henintsoa¹^ORCID,Razanatsoa Estelle⁴³^ORCID,Rivers Malin⁴⁴^ORCID,Silvestro Daniele²³¹¹¹⁹^ORCID,Testo Weston²³²⁸^ORCID,Torres Jiménez Maria F.²³⁴⁵^ORCID,Walker Kim⁴⁴⁶^ORCID,Walker Barnaby E.⁴^ORCID,Wilkin Paul⁴^ORCID,Williams Jenny⁴^ORCID,Ziegler Thomas⁴⁷⁴⁸^ORCID,Zizka Alexander⁴⁹^ORCID,Antonelli Alexandre²³⁴⁵⁰^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar.

2. Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

3. Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

4. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.

5. UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK.

6. School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

7. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

8. Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.

9. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.

10. Department of Organismal Biology, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

11. Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.

12. Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Program, Antananarivo, Madagascar.

13. CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.

14. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

15. BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal.

16. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA.

17. Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

18. CR2P, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.

19. Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland.

20. Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK.

21. Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

22. Integrated Science Lab, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

23. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lúrio University, Pemba, Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique.

24. Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.

25. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA.

26. Cambridge University Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

27. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar.

28. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA.

29. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

30. School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

31. Institut de Systématique, Évolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.

32. Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

33. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands.

34. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

35. School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, UK.

36. UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK.

37. Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA.

38. Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.

39. Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, University of La Serena, La Serena, Chile.

40. Programa de Doctorado en Biología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Católica del Norte, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile.

41. Ileiry Geospatial Services, Antananarivo, Madagascar.

42. WWF, Antananarivo, Madagascar.

43. Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.

44. Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK.

45. Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.

46. Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK.

47. Cologne Zoo, Cologne, Germany.

48. Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.

49. Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

50. Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Abstract

Madagascar’s unique biota is heavily affected by human activity and is under intense threat. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the conservation status of Madagascar’s terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity by presenting data and analyses on documented and predicted species-level conservation statuses, the most prevalent and relevant threats, ex situ collections and programs, and the coverage and comprehensiveness of protected areas. The existing terrestrial protected area network in Madagascar covers 10.4% of its land area and includes at least part of the range of the majority of described native species of vertebrates with known distributions (97.1% of freshwater fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals combined) and plants (67.7%). The overall figures are higher for threatened species (97.7% of threatened vertebrates and 79.6% of threatened plants occurring within at least one protected area). International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments and Bayesian neural network analyses for plants identify overexploitation of biological resources and unsustainable agriculture as the most prominent threats to biodiversity. We highlight five opportunities for action at multiple levels to ensure that conservation and ecological restoration objectives, programs, and activities take account of complex underlying and interacting factors and produce tangible benefits for the biodiversity and people of Madagascar.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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