How the Noninflammasome NLRs Function in the Innate Immune System

Author:

Ting Jenny P. Y.123,Duncan Joseph A.45,Lei Yu23

Affiliation:

1. Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

2. Curriculum of Oral Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

3. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

4. Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

5. Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Abstract

NLR (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat–containing) proteins have rapidly emerged as central regulators of immunity and inflammation with demonstrated relevance to human diseases. Much attention has focused on the ability of several NLRs to activate the inflammasome complex and drive proteolytic processing of inflammatory cytokines; however, NLRs also regulate important inflammasome-independent functions in the immune system. We discuss several of these functions, including the regulation of canonical and noncanonical NF-κB activation, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, cytokine and chemokine production, antimicrobial reactive oxygen species production, type I interferon production, and ribonuclease L activity. We also explore the mechanistic basis of these functions and describe current challenges in the field.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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