Molecular Analysis of Cellulose Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

Author:

Arioli Tony12345,Peng Liangcai12345,Betzner Andreas S.12345,Burn Joanne12345,Wittke Werner12345,Herth Werner12345,Camilleri Christine12345,Höfte Herman12345,Plazinski Jacek12345,Birch Rosemary12345,Cork Ann12345,Glover Julie12345,Redmond John12345,Williamson Richard E.12345

Affiliation:

1. T. Arioli, J. Burn, R. Birch, J. Glover, Cooperative Research Centre for Plant Science, Australian National University, Post Office Box 475, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

2. L. Peng, J. Plazinski, A. Cork, J. Redmond, R. E. Williamson, Glycobiology Unit, Plant Cell Biology Group, and Cooperative Research Centre for Plant Science, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Post Office Box 475, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

3. A. S. Betzner, Groupe Limagrain Pacific, Post Office Box 475, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

4. W. Wittke and W. Herth, Zellenlehre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, D 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

5. C. Camilleri and H. Höfte, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Route de St-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France.

Abstract

Cellulose, an abundant, crystalline polysaccharide, is central to plant morphogenesis and to many industries. Chemical and ultrastructural analyses together with map-based cloning indicate that the RSW1 locus of Arabidopsis encodes the catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase. The cloned gene complements the rsw1 mutant whose temperature-sensitive allele is changed in one amino acid. The mutant allele causes a specific reduction in cellulose synthesis, accumulation of noncrystalline β-1,4-glucan, disassembly of cellulose synthase, and widespread morphological abnormalities. Microfibril crystallization may require proper assembly of the RSW1 gene product into synthase complexes whereas glucan biosynthesis per se does not.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference46 articles.

1. Delmer D. P., Amor Y., Plant Cell 7, 987 (1995).

2. Baskin T. I., Betzner A. S., Hoggart R., Cork A., Williamson R. E., Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 19, 427 (1992).

3. Higher plants contain homologs of the bacterial celA genes encoding the catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase.

4. Shoots from wild-type Columbia (Co) and back-crossed rsw1 grown on agar for 7 days at 21°C or for 2 days at 21°C and 5 days at 31°C (2) were rinsed and stored in liquid nitrogen. Carbohydrate fractionation essentially as D. R. Heim J. R. Skomp C. Waldron I. M. Larrinua Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 39 93 (1991). Glucan was extracted with ammonium oxalate from three separate batches of rsw1 purified in the supernatant after precipitation of pectins overnight with 2% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Glucose in trifluoroacetic acid hydrolysates was quantified against inositol internal standard by gas chromatography electron-impact–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Fisons MD800) of alditol acetates [

5. An improved method for the preparation of standards for glycosyl-linkage analysis of complex carbohydrates

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