Seasonal exposure of carbon dioxide ice on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Seasonal exposure of carbon dioxide ice on the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Published:2016-12-23 Issue:6319 Volume:354 Page:1563-1566
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Filacchione G.¹,Raponi A.¹,Capaccioni F.¹,Ciarniello M.¹,Tosi F.¹,Capria M. T.¹,De Sanctis M. C.¹,Migliorini A.¹,Piccioni G.¹,Cerroni P.¹,Barucci M. A.²,Fornasier S.²,Schmitt B.³,Quirico E.³,Erard S.²,Bockelee-Morvan D.²,Leyrat C.²,Arnold G.⁴,Mennella V.⁵,Ammannito E.⁶,Bellucci G.¹,Benkhoff J.⁷,Bibring J. P.⁸,Blanco A.⁹,Blecka M. I.¹⁰,Carlson R.¹¹,Carsenty U.³,Colangeli L.⁷,Combes M.²,Combi M.¹²,Crovisier J.²,Drossart P.²,Encrenaz T.²,Federico C.¹³,Fink U.¹⁴,Fonti S.⁹,Fulchignoni M.²,Ip W.-H.¹⁵,Irwin P.¹⁶,Jaumann R.⁴,Kuehrt E.⁴,Langevin Y.⁸,Magni G.¹,McCord T.¹⁷,Moroz L.⁴,Mottola S.⁴,Palomba E.¹,Schade U.¹⁸,Stephan K.⁴,Taylor F.¹⁶,Tiphene D.²,Tozzi G. P.¹⁹,Beck P.³,Biver N.²,Bonal L.³,Combe J.-Ph.¹⁷,Despan D.²,Flamini E.²⁰,Formisano M.¹,Frigeri A.¹,Grassi D.¹,Gudipati M. S.¹¹,Kappel D.⁴,Longobardo A.¹,Mancarella F.⁹,Markus K.⁴,Merlin F.²,Orosei R.²¹,Rinaldi G.¹,Cartacci M.¹,Cicchetti A.¹,Hello Y.²,Henry F.²,Jacquinod S.²,Reess J. M.²,Noschese R.¹,Politi R.¹,Peter G.²²

Affiliation:

1. INAF-IAPS (Istituto Nazionale di AstroFisica–Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali), Rome, Italy.

2. Laboratoire d’Études Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, Paris Sciences and Letters Research University, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC (Université Pierre et Marie Curie) Université Paris 06, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.

3. Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planetologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France.

4. Institute for Planetary Research, DLR (Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt), Berlin, Germany.

5. INAF Osservatorio di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy.

6. Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California–Los Angeles, 603 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA

7. ESA (European Space Agency), European Space Research and Technology Centre, Noordwjik, Netherlands.

8. Institut d’Astrophysique Spatial, CNRS, Orsay, France.

9. Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi,” Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.

10. Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.

11. NASA JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.

12. Space Physics Research Laboratory, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

13. Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

14. Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

15. National Central University, Taipei, Taiwan.

16. Departement of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.

17. Bear Fight Institute, Winthrop, WA 98862, USA.

18. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany.

19. INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze, Italy.

20. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Rome, Italy.

21. INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, Bologna, Italy.

22. Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, DLR, Berlin, Germany.

Abstract

Rosetta observes sublimating surface ices Comets are “dirty snowballs” made of ice and dust, but they are dark because the ice sublimates away, leaving some of the dust behind on the surface. The Rosetta spacecraft has provided a close-up view of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko as it passes through its closest point to the Sun (see the Perspective by Dello Russo). Filacchione et al. detected the spectral signature of solid CO 2 (dry ice) in small patches on the surface of the nucleus as they emerged from local winter. By modeling how the CO 2 sublimates, they constrain the composition of comets and how ices generate the gaseous coma and tail. Fornasier et al. studied images of the comet and discovered bright patches on the surface where ice was exposed, which disappeared as the ice sublimated. They also saw frost emerging from receding shadows. The surface of the comet was noticeably less red just after local dawn, indicating that icy material is removed by sunlight during the local day. Science , this issue p. 1563 , p. 1566 ; see also p. 1536

Funder

Italian Space Agency

Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales

DLR

NASA

National Science Council of Taiwan

Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao Special Administrative Region

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary