Author:
,Mayer Klaus F. X.,Rogers Jane,Doležel Jaroslav,Pozniak Curtis,Eversole Kellye,Feuillet Catherine,Gill Bikram,Friebe Bernd,Lukaszewski Adam J.,Sourdille Pierre,Endo Takashi R.,Kubaláková Marie,Číhalíková Jarmila,Dubská Zdeňka,Vrána Jan,Šperková Romana,Šimková Hana,Febrer Melanie,Clissold Leah,McLay Kirsten,Singh Kuldeep,Chhuneja Parveen,Singh Nagendra K.,Khurana Jitendra,Akhunov Eduard,Choulet Frédéric,Alberti Adriana,Barbe Valérie,Wincker Patrick,Kanamori Hiroyuki,Kobayashi Fuminori,Itoh Takeshi,Matsumoto Takashi,Sakai Hiroaki,Tanaka Tsuyoshi,Wu Jianzhong,Ogihara Yasunari,Handa Hirokazu,Maclachlan P. Ron,Sharpe Andrew,Klassen Darrin,Edwards David,Batley Jacqueline,Olsen Odd-Arne,Sandve Simen Rød,Lien Sigbjørn,Steuernagel Burkhard,Wulff Brande,Caccamo Mario,Ayling Sarah,Ramirez-Gonzalez Ricardo H.,Clavijo Bernardo J.,Wright Jonathan,Pfeifer Matthias,Spannagl Manuel,Martis Mihaela M.,Mascher Martin,Chapman Jarrod,Poland Jesse A.,Scholz Uwe,Barry Kerrie,Waugh Robbie,Rokhsar Daniel S.,Muehlbauer Gary J.,Stein Nils,Gundlach Heidrun,Zytnicki Matthias,Jamilloux Véronique,Quesneville Hadi,Wicker Thomas,Faccioli Primetta,Colaiacovo Moreno,Stanca Antonio Michele,Budak Hikmet,Cattivelli Luigi,Glover Natasha,Pingault Lise,Paux Etienne,Sharma Sapna,Appels Rudi,Bellgard Matthew,Chapman Brett,Nussbaumer Thomas,Bader Kai Christian,Rimbert Hélène,Wang Shichen,Knox Ron,Kilian Andrzej,Alaux Michael,Alfama Françoise,Couderc Loïc,Guilhot Nicolas,Viseux Claire,Loaec Mikaël,Keller Beat,Praud Sebastien
Abstract
An ordered draft sequence of the 17-gigabase hexaploid bread wheat (
Triticum aestivum
) genome has been produced by sequencing isolated chromosome arms. We have annotated 124,201 gene loci distributed nearly evenly across the homeologous chromosomes and subgenomes. Comparative gene analysis of wheat subgenomes and extant diploid and tetraploid wheat relatives showed that high sequence similarity and structural conservation are retained, with limited gene loss, after polyploidization. However, across the genomes there was evidence of dynamic gene gain, loss, and duplication since the divergence of the wheat lineages. A high degree of transcriptional autonomy and no global dominance was found for the subgenomes. These insights into the genome biology of a polyploid crop provide a springboard for faster gene isolation, rapid genetic marker development, and precise breeding to meet the needs of increasing food demand worldwide.
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)