1. NASA–Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 916, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
2. Department of Meteorology and
3. Science Systems and Applications, Lanham, MD 20706, USA;
4. Department of Computer Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
5. Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.