Polarized x-rays constrain the disk-jet geometry in the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Polarized x-rays constrain the disk-jet geometry in the black hole x-ray binary Cygnus X-1

Published:2022-11-11 Issue:6620 Volume:378 Page:650-654
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Krawczynski Henric¹^ORCID,Muleri Fabio²^ORCID,Dovčiak Michal³^ORCID,Veledina Alexandra⁴⁵⁶^ORCID,Rodriguez Cavero Nicole¹^ORCID,Svoboda Jiri³^ORCID,Ingram Adam⁷^ORCID,Matt Giorgio⁸^ORCID,Garcia Javier A.⁹^ORCID,Loktev Vladislav⁴,Negro Michela¹⁰¹¹¹²^ORCID,Poutanen Juri⁴⁶^ORCID,Kitaguchi Takao¹³,Podgorný Jakub³¹⁴¹⁵^ORCID,Rankin John²^ORCID,Zhang Wenda¹⁶^ORCID,Berdyugin Andrei⁴^ORCID,Berdyugina Svetlana V.¹⁷¹⁸¹⁹,Bianchi Stefano⁸^ORCID,Blinov Dmitry²⁰²¹^ORCID,Capitanio Fiamma²^ORCID,Di Lalla Niccolò²²^ORCID,Draghis Paul²³^ORCID,Fabiani Sergio²,Kagitani Masato²⁴,Kravtsov Vadim⁴^ORCID,Kiehlmann Sebastian²⁰²¹^ORCID,Latronico Luca²⁵^ORCID,Lutovinov Alexander A.⁶^ORCID,Mandarakas Nikos²⁰²¹,Marin Frédéric¹⁴^ORCID,Marinucci Andrea²⁶^ORCID,Miller Jon M.²³^ORCID,Mizuno Tsunefumi²⁷^ORCID,Molkov Sergey V.⁶^ORCID,Omodei Nicola²²^ORCID,Petrucci Pierre-Olivier²⁸^ORCID,Ratheesh Ajay²^ORCID,Sakanoi Takeshi²⁴^ORCID,Semena Andrei N.⁶,Skalidis Raphael²⁰²¹,Soffitta Paolo²^ORCID,Tennant Allyn F.²⁹^ORCID,Thalhammer Phillipp³⁰,Tombesi Francesco³¹³²³³^ORCID,Weisskopf Martin C.²⁹^ORCID,Wilms Joern³⁰^ORCID,Zhang Sixuan²⁷,Agudo Iván³⁴^ORCID,Antonelli Lucio A.³⁵³⁶,Bachetti Matteo³⁷^ORCID,Baldini Luca³⁸³⁹^ORCID,Baumgartner Wayne H.²⁹,Bellazzini Ronaldo³⁸,Bongiorno Stephen D.²⁹^ORCID,Bonino Raffaella²⁵⁴⁰^ORCID,Brez Alessandro³⁸,Bucciantini Niccolò⁴¹⁴²⁴³,Castellano Simone³⁸^ORCID,Cavazzuti Elisabetta²⁶^ORCID,Ciprini Stefano³²³⁶^ORCID,Costa Enrico²,De Rosa Alessandra²,Del Monte Ettore²^ORCID,Di Gesu Laura²⁶^ORCID,Di Marco Alessandro²^ORCID,Donnarumma Immacolata²⁶,Doroshenko Victor⁶⁴⁴^ORCID,Ehlert Steven R.²⁹^ORCID,Enoto Teruaki¹³^ORCID,Evangelista Yuri²^ORCID,Ferrazzoli Riccardo²,Gunji Shuichi⁴⁵^ORCID,Hayashida Kiyoshi⁴⁶,Heyl Jeremy⁴⁷^ORCID,Iwakiri Wataru⁴⁸,Jorstad Svetlana G.⁴⁹⁵⁰^ORCID,Karas Vladimir³,Kolodziejczak Jeffery J.²⁹^ORCID,La Monaca Fabio²^ORCID,Liodakis Ioannis⁵¹^ORCID,Maldera Simone²⁵^ORCID,Manfreda Alberto³⁸^ORCID,Marscher Alan P.⁴⁹^ORCID,Marshall Herman L.⁵²^ORCID,Mitsuishi Ikuyuki⁵³,Ng Chi-Yung⁵⁴^ORCID,O’Dell Stephen L.²⁹^ORCID,Oppedisano Chiara²⁵^ORCID,Papitto Alessandro³⁵^ORCID,Pavlov George G.⁵⁵,Peirson Abel L.²²^ORCID,Perri Matteo³⁵³⁶^ORCID,Pesce-Rollins Melissa³⁸^ORCID,Pilia Maura³⁷,Possenti Andrea³⁷^ORCID,Puccetti Simonetta³⁶,Ramsey Brian D.²⁹,Romani Roger W.²²,Sgrò Carmelo³⁸^ORCID,Slane Patrick⁵⁶,Spandre Gloria³⁸^ORCID,Tamagawa Toru¹⁵^ORCID,Tavecchio Fabrizio⁵⁷^ORCID,Taverna Roberto⁵⁸^ORCID,Tawara Yuzuru⁵³,Thomas Nicholas E.²⁹,Trois Alessio³⁷,Tsygankov Sergey⁴⁶^ORCID,Turolla Roberto⁵⁸⁵⁹,Vink Jacco⁶⁰,Wu Kinwah⁵⁹,Xie Fei²⁶¹^ORCID,Zane Silvia⁵⁹^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.

2. Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), 00133 Roma, Italy.

3. Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic.

4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

5. Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita), Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

6. Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia.

7. School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.

8. Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146 Roma, Italy.

9. Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

10. Center for Space Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.

11. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

12. Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA-GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

13. Rikagaku Kenkyūjyo (RIKEN) Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.

14. Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France.

15. Astronomical Institute, Charles University, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic.

16. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

17. Leibniz-Institut für Sonnenphysik, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.

18. Istituto Ricerche Solari (IRSOL) Aldo e Cele Daccò, Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6605 Locarno, Switzerland.

19. Euler Institute, Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6962 Lugano, Switzerland.

20. Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.

21. Department of Physics, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.

22. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

23. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

24. School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan.

25. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.

26. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.

27. Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.

28. Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 38000 Grenoble, France.

29. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.

30. Dr. Karl Remeis Observatory, Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany.

31. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Roma, Italy.

32. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Roma, Italy.

33. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

34. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, 18008 Granada, Spain.

35. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy.

36. Space Science Data Center, ASI, 00133 Roma, Italy.

37. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, 09047 Selargius, Cagliari, Italy.

38. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.

39. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy.

40. Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.

41. INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, 50125 Firenze, Italy.

42. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.

43. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.

44. Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

45. Department of Physics, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi 990-8560, Japan.

46. Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

47. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.

48. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan.

49. Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

50. Department of Astrophysics, St. Petersburg State University, Petrodvoretz, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia.

51. Finnish Centre for Astronomy with the European Southern Observatory (ESO), 20014 University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

52. Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

53. Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan.

54. Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.

55. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

56. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

57. INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, 23807 Merate, Lecco, Italy.

58. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.

59. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK.

60. Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.

61. Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.

Abstract

A black hole x-ray binary (XRB) system forms when gas is stripped from a normal star and accretes onto a black hole, which heats the gas sufficiently to emit x-rays. We report a polarimetric observation of the XRB Cygnus X-1 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer. The electric field position angle aligns with the outflowing jet, indicating that the jet is launched from the inner x-ray–emitting region. The polarization degree is 4.01 ± 0.20% at 2 to 8 kiloelectronvolts, implying that the accretion disk is viewed closer to edge-on than the binary orbit. These observations reveal that hot x-ray–emitting plasma is spatially extended in a plane perpendicular to, not parallel to, the jet axis.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference78 articles.

1. Cygnus X-1 contains a 21–solar mass black hole—Implications for massive star winds

2. CONFIRMATION VIA THE CONTINUUM-FITTING METHOD THAT THE SPIN OF THE BLACK HOLE IN CYGNUS X-1 IS EXTREME

3. A relativistic jet from Cygnus X-1 in the low/hard X-ray state

4. Modelling the behaviour of accretion flows in X-ray binaries

5. Polarization features of X-ray radiation emitted near black holes

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