Cygnus X-1 contains a 21–solar mass black hole—Implications for massive star winds-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Cygnus X-1 contains a 21–solar mass black hole—Implications for massive star winds

Published:2021-03-05 Issue:6533 Volume:371 Page:1046-1049
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Miller-Jones James C. A.¹^ORCID,Bahramian Arash¹^ORCID,Orosz Jerome A.²^ORCID,Mandel Ilya³⁴⁵^ORCID,Gou Lijun⁶⁷^ORCID,Maccarone Thomas J.⁸^ORCID,Neijssel Coenraad J.³⁴⁵^ORCID,Zhao Xueshan⁶⁷^ORCID,Ziółkowski Janusz⁹^ORCID,Reid Mark J.¹⁰^ORCID,Uttley Phil¹¹^ORCID,Zheng Xueying⁶⁷^ORCID,Byun Do-Young¹²¹³^ORCID,Dodson Richard¹⁴^ORCID,Grinberg Victoria¹⁵^ORCID,Jung Taehyun¹²¹³^ORCID,Kim Jeong-Sook¹²^ORCID,Marcote Benito¹⁶^ORCID,Markoff Sera¹¹¹⁷^ORCID,Rioja María J.¹⁴¹⁸¹⁹^ORCID,Rushton Anthony P.²⁰²¹^ORCID,Russell David M.²²^ORCID,Sivakoff Gregory R.²³^ORCID,Tetarenko Alexandra J.²⁴^ORCID,Tudose Valeriu²⁵^ORCID,Wilms Joern²⁶^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research–Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.

2. Astronomy Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1221, USA.

3. School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.

4. OzGrav: The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.

5. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

6. Key Laboratory for Computational Astrophysics, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.

7. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.

8. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1051, USA.

9. Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, PL-00-716 Warsaw, Poland.

10. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.

11. Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.

12. Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea.

13. University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.

14. International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research–University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

15. Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.

16. Joint Institute for Very Long Baseline Interferometry European Research Infrastructure Consortium, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, Netherlands.

17. Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam Institute, University of Amsterdam, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.

18. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Astronomy and Space Science, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.

19. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, 28014 Madrid, Spain.

20. Department of Physics, Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.

21. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.

22. Center for Astro, Particle, and Planetary Physics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

23. Department of Physics, Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.

24. East Asian Observatory, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.

25. Institute for Space Sciences, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.

26. Dr. Karl Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany.

Abstract

A heavy black hole in an x-ray binary If a black hole interacts with a binary companion star, the system emits x-rays and can form a radio jet. The masses of black holes in these x-ray binaries are all lower than those detected using gravitational waves, challenging models of black hole formation from massive stars. Miller-Jones et al. used radio astrometry to refine the distance to Cygnus X-1, a well-studied x-ray binary. They found a larger distance than previous estimates, raising the mass of the black hole in the system to 21 solar masses. The results challenge the wind mass loss rates implemented in stellar evolution models. Science , this issue p. 1046

Funder

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Australian Research Council

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

National Program on Key Research and Development Project

Polish National Science Centre

European Social Fund and the Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts Baden-Württemberg