Adaptability and ecological plasticity of barley under forest-steppe conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Abstract

The results of spring barley assessment by the parameters of adaptability and ecological plasticity in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe conditions are presented. The objects of the study, conducted in 2020-2022, were the released varieties and lines of local breeding. The Acha variety was adopted as the standard. The soil of the experimental field is ordinary low-power chernozem. Repetition is fourfold, and the comparison method is paired. Sowing was carried out in optimal time - May 20-25, the seeding rate - 5.5 million germinated seeds/ha. In terms of moisture regime, 2020 and 2021 were excessively wet (HTC = 1.84-1.89), while 2021 was sufficiently wetted. May drought was observed in 2022 (HTC = 0.27). As a result of the research, valuable breeding material was selected. The highest productivity (43.2 c/ha) in relation to the standard showed the line D-7-7057 (L-11-38 × Buyan). The varieties Acha, Krasnoyarsk 80, line D-7-7057 on environmental plasticity were attributed to the intensive type (bi = 1,17-1,21), the variety Kedr reacted the least to improvement of the growing conditions (bi = 0,86). The breeding line B-56-6885 (Biom × Sibiryak) was the most stable, characterized by high indices of average yield (41.3 c/ha), environmental stability (Si2 = 417,1, SF = 2,82), breeding value of the genotype (Sc = 6.73), and had average environmental plasticity (bi = 1.01). Among the varieties of the intensive type, the line D-7-7057 (L-11-38 × Buyan) with the highest yield (43.2 c/ha), medium stability parameters (Si2 = 723,9, SF = 4,02) and increased plasticity (bi = 1.17) is of greatest interest. During the experiment it was found that the main contribution to the formation of the yield is made by the breeding traits associated with crop density (the number of plants before harvesting, productive stem and tillering) and the productivity of individual plants (grain weight per plant, thousand-kernel weight).