Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are substantial contributors to the global disease burden and mortality. The ANRIL gene polymorphism rs1333040 has been implicated in susceptibility to cardiovascular disease; however, its role in the Vietnamese population remains unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 185 Vietnamese patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and clinical data, medical history, and biochemical parameters were recorded. ANRIL SNP rs1333040 was genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Genotype frequencies were assessed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and their association with cardiovascular risk factors. Results The ‘Normal’ BMI (Body Mass Index) category was the largest segment, comprising 77.84% of the sample. Key cardiovascular risk factors identified among patients with AMI included hypertension (83.8%), dyslipidemia (80.0%), smoking (50.0%), and diabetes mellitus (33.8%). Clinical presentation showed that 55.0% of patients had non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 45.0% had ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Lipid profile abnormalities were significant; 60.0% had decreased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), 53.8% had elevated triglycerides, 37.5% had elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), and 36.3% had elevated total cholesterol levels. Genetic analysis focused on the rs1333040 polymorphism of the ANRIL gene, with the most common genotype being TT (58.8%), followed by CT (33.7%) and CC (7.5%). Allele frequencies were 75.6% for T and 24.4% for C. This study is the clinical implications of ANRIL polymorphisms in Vietnamese patients with CAD and AMI. Significant genotype-phenotype associations were observed, underscoring the importance of incorporating genetic screening for enhanced prognostic capabilities and personalized therapeutic decisions. Further research focused on delineating the precise genetic underpinnings of complex cardiovascular diseases in diverse populations is warranted.