The relationship between composite lipid indices and Baveno classification in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea

Abstract

Background Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the risk is only weekly related to OSA severity traditionally determined by the apnoea-hypopnoea index. The Baveno classification was developed to improve patient selection who would benefit from OSA treatment in terms of symptoms improvement and CVD risk reduction. However, it is unclear how the classification relates to biomarkers of CVD risk. Composite lipid indices were evaluated in various populations and showed good predictive value for incident CVD. Methods One thousand two hundred and forty-two patients with OSA were included in the study. Composite lipid indices, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and cardiometabolic index (CMI) were compared between different Baveno groups (A – minor symptoms, minor comorbidities, B – severe symptoms, minor comorbidities, C – minor symptoms, severe comorbidities, D – severe symptoms, severe comorbidities). Results All composite lipid indices were higher in group D versus groups A and C. Only LAP (86.93 /58.40–119.49/ vs. 75.73 /48.37–99.04/) and CMI (1.03 /0.69–1.42/ vs. 0.91 /0.63–1.12/) were significantly different between the minimally symptomatic groups (C vs. A), and solely LAP was significantly higher (110.69 /76.76–147.22/ vs. 82.32 /60.35–113.50/) when the highly symptomatic groups (D vs. B) were compared. Conclusion The Baveno classification correlates with cardiovascular risk estimated with composite lipid indices. Composite lipid indices may help better stratifying cardiovascular risk in both minimally- and highly symptomatic patients.