Abstract
In the intricate web of cellular communication, the endosome originating small Extracellular Vesicles (sEVs), also known as exosomes, are crucial mediators and have gained significant attention in theranostics. The current knowledge about sEVs biogenesis has been gleaned by studying the biogenesis pathways in cancer cells, which holds importance for diagnostic purposes. However, pertaining therapeutics, where stem cell sEVs are considered as one of the new investigational drugs, the biogenesis pathways remain largely unexplored. This article unravels parallel narratives in sEVs biogenesis within cancer cells and stem cells. It seeks to explore the involvement of key regulators of sEVs biogenesis identified in cancer cells, vis-à-vis the biogenesis pathways of stem cells. Intriguingly, while these proteins exhibit similarities, a discernible difference arises in their primary function in the regulation of sEVs biogenesis. Notably, ALIX's pivotal role in stem cell biogenesis underscores its potential as a target for modulating sEVs yield in regenerative therapies. Through this comparative analysis, we shed light on shared molecular signatures, offering insights to guide therapeutic interventions, and harness the regenerative potential of stem cells.