Temporal dynamics of the fecal microbiome in female pigs from early life through estrus, parturition, and weaning of the first litter of piglets
Author:
Gaire Tara N.1, Scott H. Morgan2, Noyes Noelle R.3, Ericsson Aaron C.4, Tokach Michael D.1, William Hayden1, Menegat Mariana B.1, Vinasco Javier2, Nagaraja T. G.1, Volkova Victoriya V.1
Affiliation:
1. Kansas State University 2. Texas A&M University 3. University of Minnesota 4. University of Missouri
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Age-associated changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome of young pigs have been robustly described; however, the temporal dynamics of the gut microbiome of the female pig from early life to first parity are not well understood. Our objective was to describe microbiome and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) dynamics of the fecal microbiome of breeding sows from early life through estrus, parturition and weaning of the first litter of piglets (i.e., from 3 to 53 weeks of age).
Results
Our analysis revealed that fecal bacterial populations in developing gilts undergo changes consistent with major maturation milestones. As the pigs progressed towards first estrus, the fecal bacteriome shifted from Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group- and UCG-002-dominated enterotypes to Treponema- and Clostridium sensu stricto 1-dominated enterotypes. After first estrus, the fecal bacteriome stabilized, with minimal changes in enterotype transition and associated microbial diversity from estrus to parturition and subsequent weaning of first litter piglets. Unlike bacterial communities, fecal fungal communities exhibited low diversity with high inter- and intra-pig variability and an increased relative abundance of certain taxa at parturition, including Candida spp. Counts of resistant fecal bacteria also fluctuated over time, and were highest in early life and subsequently abated as the pigs progressed to adulthood.
Conclusions
The bacterial community and antimicrobial resistance of fecal bacteria in female pigs exhibited a stereotypic trajectory primarily driven by the physiological aging process. The fecal bacteriome enterotypes and diversity are found to be age-driven and established by the time of first estrus, with minimal changes observed during subsequent physiological stages, such as parturition and lactation, when compared to the earlier age-related shifts. Future analysis is needed to understand how our results compare to human microbiome dynamics, but the use of pigs as a model for humans is well-established and our findings suggest that the swine fecal microbiome matures in a stereotypic manner, which is a beneficial characteristic for an animal model system.
Publisher
Research Square Platform LLC
Reference53 articles.
1. 1. Koren O, Goodrich JK, Cullender TC, Spor A, Laitinen K, Bäckhed HK, Gonzalez A, Werner JJ, Angenent LT, Knight R et al: Host remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolic changes during pregnancy. Cell 2012, 150(3):470–480. 2. 2. Korpela K, Renko M, Vänni P, Paalanne N, Salo J, Tejesvi MV, Koivusaari P, Ojaniemi M, Pokka T, Kaukola T et al: Microbiome of the first stool and overweight at age 3 years: A prospective cohort study. Pediatric obesity 2020, 15(11):e12680. 3. 3. Gomez de Agüero M, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Fuhrer T, Rupp S, Uchimura Y, Li H, Steinert A, Heikenwalder M, Hapfelmeier S, Sauer U et al: The maternal microbiota drives early postnatal innate immune development. Science (New York, NY) 2016, 351(6279):1296–1302. 4. 4. Olm MR, Dahan D, Carter MM, Merrill BD, Yu FB, Jain S, Meng X, Tripathi S, Wastyk H, Neff N et al: Robust variation in infant gut microbiome assembly across a spectrum of lifestyles. Science (New York, NY) 2022, 376(6598):1220–1223. 5. 5. Saladrigas-García M, Durán M, D’Angelo M, Coma J, Pérez JF, Martín-Orúe SM: An insight into the commercial piglet’s microbial gut colonization: from birth towards weaning. Animal Microbiome 2022, 4(1):68.
|
|