Research on ghost suppression and extraction method of towed streamer seismic data based on Green's theory

Abstract

Abstract In marine seismic exploration, streamer seismic acquisition technology is crucial for the investigation and assessment of oil and gas reservoirs. However, the presence of the free surface leads to the generation of ghost waves, which introduce a series of notches in the seismic data spectrum and loss of low-frequency energy. This reduces the resolution of the seismic profile and significantly degrades the quality of the imaging. Moreover, the effectiveness of ghost wave suppression in actual data can only be judged in the frequency domain and cannot be proven in the time domain. Therefore, this study employs Green's theory to suppress ghost waves and, building on this foundation, proposes and derives a method for ghost wave extraction based on Green's theory. The physical significance and effectiveness of the method are verified from a one-dimensional perspective. A workflow for ghost wave suppression and extraction tailored for offshore streamer data has been successfully established. To improve computational efficiency, the integration region is dynamically partitioned based on the particularities of the Green's function, which substantially reduces the computational load while ensuring the accuracy of the results. The processing results of simulated and field data demonstrate that the method can effectively suppress and extract ghost waves, and the extracted ghost waves lay the foundation for subsequent studies on the impact of sea surface undulations on imaging results.