Symbiotic Synergies: A Comprehensive Analysis of Antibacterial Potency, Antioxidant Proficiency, and Phytochemical Composition in Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum and Spirogyra varians from Distinct Aquatic Habitats

Author:

Ahmed Syed Mansoor1,Hameed Hajra2,Tariq Muhammad1,Hameed Afsa1,Sharif Muhammad Shakeeb3,Farraj Dunia A Al4,Aljeidi Reem A.4,Afareen Afshan5,Waheed Abdul6

Affiliation:

1. Mirpur University of Science and Technology

2. Shenzhen University

3. Scuola Superiore Meridionale

4. King Saud University

5. University of Kotli

6. Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Abstract

Abstract

Terrestrial plants have been the main source of many active agents used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Many research studies have focused on different marine organisms like algae, fish, sponges, and crustaceans to obtain bioactive products like proteins and peptides for use in the pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries. In contrast to terrestrial plants, marine algae are a very abundant and important source of different constituents that have established beneficial effects on human skin and have been used in the cosmeceutical industry. Samples of algae were collected from two different aquatic sites. Identification of samples was made based on microscopic morphological and other key characteristics of algae, and they were found to be R. hieroglyphicum and S. varians. Extraction was carried out in methanol and in a mixture of DCM (dichloromethane) and methanol. Both samples collected from the two different sites showed significant antibacterial effects in various assays performed using the Disc Diffusion Method and the Well Method. The antioxidant activities of the extracts were also detected using a 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Quantitative and qualitative analyses showed significant quantities of phenolic and flavonoid contents. The stressful climatic factors lead to the synthesis and production of compounds with secondary metabolites, which are anti-stress and important for their antioxidant and therapeutic effects, resulting in various biological activities.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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