Trait discovery for yield, related attributes and quality parameters and identification of potential stable donors for genetic improvement of groundnuts through evaluation of germplasm originated from different countries in two contrasting environments

Abstract

Abstract The study aimed to analyze a varied collection of 371 germplasm obtained from various countries, with regards to yield-related characteristics, oil, protein, sugar, free amino acids, and total phenolics, in two distinct environments. The purpose was to assess the extent of inherent genotypic diversity and the potential for improving productivity and quality through breeding. The study identified germplasm that exhibited superior and stable performance with two or more desirable traits. Specifically, NRCGs-10366, 10480, 10485, and 10844 were found to be superior in terms of yield (PY), hundred kernel weight (HKW), and seed shape (SHP). NRCG-11390 was identified as superior for yield (PY), protein content, and sugar content. Additionally, NRCGs-12469, 14089, and 16492 were found to be superior for important biochemical traits such as oil, protein, and sugar content. NRCG-11101 was identified as superior for HKW, protein content, and oil content, while NRCGs-11154 and 11164 were found to be superior for HKW, protein content, and sugar content. The study has identified germplasm with a grain protein content exceeding 34% and an oil content ranging from 47% to 48%. Germplasm exhibiting specific traits were identified for their potential utilisation as donors in the groundnut improvement program. The Spanish collection presents a potential source of valuable breeding traits for enhancing groundnut productivity and improving the content of oil, protein, sugar, phenol, and FAA, in various combinations.