Variability of caffeine metabolism by CYP1A2 polymorphism in different populations

Abstract

Abstract In 2015, the European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA) evaluated the worldwide consumption of coffee to verify the potential use and abuse of caffeine by the population, with the aim to identify potential adverse effects on the human health. The conclusion of the survey was the following: single doses of caffeine up to 200/400 mg did not give to any concern in the population. Objectives: In 2015, the European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA) evaluated the worldwide consumption of coffee to verify the potential use and abuse of caffeine by the population, with the aim to identify potential adverse effects on the human health. The conclusion of the survey was the following: single doses of caffeine up to 200/400 mg wer not dangerous for the consumers. Methods: Caffeine is one of the most widely consumed substance and beverage in the world, showing not only benefits, as excellent source of antioxidants, but also offering to prevent inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. In the elderly people with several comorbidities, caffeine contributed to reduce several neurological disorders, such as senile dementia, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, contributing to alleviate tremors and helping the memory loss in elderly subjects. Results: It is widely known CYP1A2 polymorphic enzyme (AA) (AC) (CC) is responsible for different levels in the caffeine metabolism, leading to a distinction in separate categories where CYP1A2*1A allele (AA) are "rapid" caffeine metabolizers, in contrast to carriers of the variant CYP1A2*1F who are "slow" caffeine metabolizers (AC-CC). In the absence of biological matrix, such as blood and urine, we performed in silicoanalysis of the genetic polymorphism CYP1A2*1A rs762551 distributed into five different ethnic groups of 210 subjects, including Caucasian, Africans, Americans, South Asians and East Asians. Conclusions: The goal of this study is to identify potential significant difference in metabolism of caffeine to verify the most susceptible individuals in five ethnic groups. Structured abstract Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverage in the world although it is not free from various effects and in 2015 the exposure to caffeine and the intake of daily coffee has been regulated by EFSA. Guidelines and EFSA results demonstrated caffeine is easily metabolized in the majority of subjects, although fast metabolizers are advantaged in contrast to other individuals with a slow metabolism.