Affiliation:
1. Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology
2. The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
3. Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology
4. University of Karachi
Abstract
Abstract
Presently a number of chemical fertilizers are being used which are not only expensive but are also environment threatening. There is a need to replace these fertilizers by biofertilizers. Adsorbent were prepared from waste bones for the waste water treatment. Various bone samples were collected and calcinated to produce biofertilizer and adsorbent. Total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) were analyzed. The broiler chicken bone-based biofertilizer has the lowest amount of TC and TN (TC = 33 and TN = 5.5 g/Kg) and also the lowest macro-elements; Ca = 55, P = 26, K = 2.5, and Mg = 0.83 g/Kg. All samples were used for the growth of kidney bean plant. After 5 weeks, the highest growth was observed for buffalo bone-based fertilizer and the lowest for broiler bone-based fertilizer. In the present study, the calcinated bones material was also used as nano-adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from the artificial wastewater. All nano-adsorbent samples showed maximum efficiency at 100 ppm, while maximum removal was at 6 h. The highest removal efficiency was obtained for buffalo bone-based nano-adsorbent (As = 60% and Pb = 75%), and the lowest removal efficiency was obtained for broiler bone-based nano-adsorbent (As = 36% and Pb = 47%). The calcinated animal bones were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), chemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST). This research can play an important role for the promotion of agricultural crops and for wastewater treatment using nano-technology.
Publisher
Research Square Platform LLC
Reference111 articles.
1. Abbott LK, Murphy DV (2007) What is soil biological fertility?. In Soil biological fertility Springer, Dordrecht, pp 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6619-1_1
2. Solid waste issue: sources, composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization;Abdel-Shafy HI;Egypt J Pet,2018
3. Heavy metals contamination in water, sediments and fish of freshwater ecosystems in Pakistan;Afzaal M;Water Prac Tech,2022
4. Valorization of animal bone waste for agricultural use through biomass co-pyrolysis and bio-augmentation;Ahmed M;Biomass Convers Biorefin,2021a
5. Valorization of animal bone into phosphorus biofertilizer: effects of animal species, thermal processing method, and production temperature on phosphorus availability;Ahmed M;Soil Sci Plant Nutr,2021