The Perennial Logistical Challenges during Nigerian Elections: The Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Solution

Abstract

Abstract The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in Nigeria continues to grapple with recurrent logistical issues during elections. To address these challenges, this research focused on the potential deployment of a hybrid Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) fixed-wing Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS), employing Commercial-off-the-Shelf (COTS) components and subsystems, as a conduit for efficient transmission of election results from remote polling units to nationwide collation centers. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining technical evaluation, economic analysis, and a consideration of political and environmental contexts. Additionally, the research considered the practicalities of component sourcing and the economic implications of importing necessary equipment into Nigeria. Findings underscored the paramountcy of cost-effectiveness, component reliability, weight, and system criticality in the selection of COTS components that would best fulfill the project's objectives. Importantly, the results highlighted the potential political barriers to UAS deployment in this context. The study concludes that while the proposed UAS solution holds promise, it must contend with significant political hurdles and practical considerations concerning component sourcing and importation. The study recommends further exploration of these issues to optimally implement this technological solution to address Nigeria's election logistics challenges.