The association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults, a cross-sectional population-based study (findings from Bandare-Kong Non-Communicable Disease Cohort Study)

Abstract

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Dietary patterns are supposed to be important and controllable factors in developing metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome and its components. Subjects/Methods: Cross-sectional data were extracted from the Bandare-Kong cohort study conducted in people aged 35 to 70. Dietary patterns were extracted using principal component analysis based on thirty-eight pre-defined food groups. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and its components with quintiles of dietary patterns in crude and adjusted models. Results Three major dietary patterns were identified (healthy, western, and traditional). After adjusting for covariates, the chance of metabolic syndrome was significantly decreased by 46% in the highest quintile of the healthy pattern compared to the lowest quintile. However, in fully adjusted models, no significant association between western and traditional dietary patterns was observed with the chance of metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, the fully adjusted model showed an inverse association between higher adherence to healthy dietary patterns and the chance of increased blood glucose, high waist circumference, and elevated blood pressure. The odds of abnormal levels of metabolic syndrome components were not significantly different in quintiles of the western and traditional dietary patterns. Conclusions Following a healthy dietary pattern, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, low-fat dairy products, and legumes, can help prevent and control metabolic syndrome.