Clinical Significance of Dynamic Monitoring of EVI1 Gene Expression in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of dynamic monitoring ecotropic virus integration site-1 (EVI1) expression in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 113 pediatric AML patients of Wuhan Children's Hospital from 2014 to 2022. The correlation between EVI1 expression levels and clinical indicators including clinical characteristics, first complete remission (CR1), relapse, and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out to comprehend the influence of EVI1 expression on relapse. Results A total of 78 AML children with EVI1 expression at initial diagnosis were eligible, divided into EVI1-positive (EVI1^high) and EVI1-negative (EVI1^low) groups. FAB classification (P = 0.047) and abnormal karyotype (P = 0.009) showed significant differences between the two groups. The proportion of EVI1 high in individuals with complex and/or monomeric karyotypes was significantly higher than in other cases (P = 0.032). When completing the first induction therapy, the EVI1high group showed a significantly lower CR1 rate than the EVI1low group (P = 0.015). Among 51 cases with EVI1 expression dynamically monitored, those with EVI1 overexpression more than twice had significantly shorter OS (P < 0.05). Among 19 non-HSCT patients undergoing three EVI1 assessments during induction therapy, those with EVI1 overexpression over once had higher relapse rates (P = 0.045). In addition, EVI1 expression level ≥ 83.38% significantly predicted relapse (AUC = 0.833). Conclusion Aberrantly high expression of EVI1 in pediatric AML was associated with poor prognosis. Continuous and dynamic monitoring of EVI1 expression promotes prognostic evaluation. We add some insights into the impact of EVI1 on the AML patients’ OS and survival.