Abstract
Dietary effects of fermented grain cereal milling by-product (FGC) as a source of carbohydrates on the health, immunology, and overall performance of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus). They split out into four groups: S. cerevisiae Baker's yeast (0, 10, 20, and 40 g/kg diet). Measurements included growth rate, feed utilization, biochemical blood parameters, and gene expression of TNF-α, IGF-1, and GLUT4. The discovery of higher growth indices was linked to the presence of FGC in the diet. Furthermore, it enhances the haematological indicators, which rose in all groups receiving FGC treatment in a substantial way (p ≤ 0.05). Increases in blood levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, and immunological response were observed in fish fed on FGC. This study shows that there was good growth and immunological response, particularly in the 40gm fed diet group where there was a considerable upregulation of the GLUT4, IGF-1, and TNF-α genes. The performance of the (20 g) group was much higher than that of the other groups. Therefore, nutritional (FGC) control may be effective as a tactical strategy to sustain the production of Nile tilapia fish.