Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome among the females of Azad Kashmir and Pakistan and its explicating factors

Abstract

Abstract Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a prevalent health concern with multifaceted physical and emotional symptoms occurring during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. PMS significantly affects women's well-being, impacting daily life and occupational productivity. Objective The main objective was to determine the prevalence of PMS and awareness levels among females in Azad Kashmir and Pakistan, focusing on physical and physiological factors associated with the condition. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted, gathering 1086 responses from menstruating women. An adapted PMS scale was employed, and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. Correlation, chi-square, T-test, ANCOVA, and regression analyses were utilized. Results The study revealed that 12.9% and 38.7% of females were unaware of menstruation and PMS, respectively. PMS was prevalent among 27.1% of participants, while only 16.8% reported consulting a doctor during emergencies. Significant relationships were observed between PMS and diverse anthropometric and physiological factors, encompassing weight, parity, blood group, marital status, monthly income, routine activities, mental affect, communication regarding PMS, medical consultation, as well as symptoms of pain and autonomic reactions. Conclusion The study elucidates a significant lack of awareness regarding menstruation and PMS among women in Azad Kashmir and Pakistan. Urgent implementation of targeted awareness campaigns is warranted to educate women about PMS and enhance their health literacy and well-being.