Observation as a method within the context of the debate about quantitative and qualitative approach

Abstract

Quantitative and qualitative orientations, as dominant in contemporary methodology of social sciences, are based on different forms, parts and types, data. They have their own epistemological specificity. They disintegrate classical sociological methods, such as observation, reducing their penetration and thus reducing the cognitive potential of sociology, while increasing the possibility of its use for ideological purposes. Observation methodologically disintegrates through a normal binding of its participatory forms for qualitative methodology, and structured observation, systematic observation and quantification in the application of observation solely for the quantitative methodology. This article analyzes the degree of justification of such methodological views. Moreover, it examines the efforts to implement diverse mixed or combined strategies with quantitative and qualitative strategy, with particular reference to their impact on observation as a method. The article also points to the relationship of induction, supposedly inherent to qualitative orientation, and deduction, that the literature associates with a quantitative orientation, the possibility of application of observations in social sciences.