1. Maximilian J. Pany () is an MD-PhD candidate in health policy at Harvard Medical School, in Boston, Massachusetts. Pany and Lucy Chen are co–first authors.
2. Lucy Chen is an MD-PhD candidate in health policy at Harvard Medical School. Chen and Maximilian Pany are co–first authors.
3. Bethany Sheridan is a senior manager of the Research and Insights team at athenahealth, Inc., in Watertown, Massachusetts.
4. Robert S. Huckman is the Albert J. Weatherhead III Professor of Business Administration and the Unit Head for Technology and Operations Management at Harvard Business School, in Boston, Massachusetts.