1. Shakai Hoken Jyunpou2180(11 August 2003 ): 10 –13.
2. Health Care Reform In Japan: The Virtues of Muddling Through
3. Does The Aging Of The Population Really Drive The Demand For Health Care?
4. The Japanese data show that the magnitude of the difference in per capita spending among age groups has actually increased despite increases in longevity, possibly because a sizable amount of long-term care is covered by health insurance and because the proportion spent the year before death is less in Japan. See T. Fukawa, “Aging and Health Expenditure of the Elderly” (in Japanese),Byouinkanri35, no. 2 ( 1998 ): 25 –34.
5. Iryou Hoken Seido Kenkyukai , Illustrated White Paper on Health Insurance (Medemiru Iryouhoken Hakusho) (Tokyo: Gyousei, 2003 ), 82 –83.