Clouding Behavior of Amphiphilic Drug Clomipramine Hydrochloride with Pharmaceutical Excipients

Abstract

Abstract The clouding behavior of amphiphilic drug clomipramine hydrochloride (CLP) in presence of different additives like bile salts, hydrotropes (anionic, cationic and nonionic), fatty acids, sugars and cyclodextrin has been investigated. These additives are commonly used as drug delivery systems. The additives like anionic hydrotropes, bile salts and fatty acid salts increase the cloud point (CP) of CLP, when added in low concentrations, whereas at high concentration, decrease it. Cationic and nonionic hydrotropes increase the CP of CLP at all concentrations. All sugars decreased the CP because of their water structure making property. β-cyclodextrin behaves like simple sugar and decreases the CP of the drug solutions. The thermodynamic parameters are also evaluated: where ΔGc° is found to be negative and ΔHc° and TΔSc° values are negative as well as positive depending upon type and nature of additive.