Thermodynamic properties of liquid copper–antimony–tin alloys determined from e.m.f. measurements

Abstract

Abstract The thermodynamics properties of liquid Cu–Sn–Sb alloys were determined using solid-oxide galvanic cells with zirconia electrolyte: (1) Re + kanthal , Cu x − Sb y − Sn ( 1 − x − y ) , SnO 2 / / ZrO 2 + ( Y 2 O 3 ) / / NiO , Ni , Pt in the temperature range from 998 to 1223 K. The Gibbs free energy of formation of pure solid SnO2 from pure elements was derived. Using electromotive force values measured for the cell with x Sn = 1.0, the following temperature dependence was obtained: Δ G f , SnO 2 0 = − 567903 + 200 . 33 T ( ± 1000 J ) [ J mol − 1 ] Activities of tin were determined along three sections of the ternary system specified by the ratio of mole fractions x Cu/x Sb = 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1. Thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase were described by the Redlich–Kister–Muggianu formula. Using commercial software, phase relations in the ternary system were calculated. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental data available from literature.