Affiliation:
1. Physics Department, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
Abstract
Video filmed by a camera mounted on the head of a Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) was used to study how the raptor used visual guidance to pursue prey and land on perches. A combination of novel image analysis methods and numerical simulations of mathematical pursuit models was used to determine the goshawk's pursuit strategy. The goshawk flew to intercept targets by fixing the prey at a constant visual angle, using classical pursuit for stationary prey, lures or perches, and usually using constant absolute target direction (CATD) for moving prey. Visual fixation was better maintained along the horizontal than vertical direction. In some cases, we observed oscillations in the visual fix on the prey, suggesting that the goshawk used finite-feedback steering. Video filmed from the ground gave similar results. In most cases, it showed goshawks intercepting prey using a trajectory consistent with CATD, then turning rapidly to attack by classical pursuit; in a few cases, it showed them using curving non-CATD trajectories. Analysis of the prey's evasive tactics indicated that only sharp sideways turns caused the goshawk to lose visual fixation on the prey, supporting a sensory basis for the surprising frequency and effectiveness of this tactic found by previous studies. The dynamics of the prey's looming image also suggested that the goshawk used a tau-based interception strategy. We interpret these results in the context of a concise review of pursuit–evasion in biology, and conjecture that some prey deimatic ‘startle’ displays may exploit tau-based interception.
Publisher
The Company of Biologists
Subject
Insect Science,Molecular Biology,Animal Science and Zoology,Aquatic Science,Physiology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Reference132 articles.
1. Radar observations of the stoop of the peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus and the goshawk Accipiter gentilis;Alerstam;Ibis,1987
2. A study of the ferruginous hawk: adult and brood behavior;Angell;Living Bird,1969
3. Arbanas L.
(2006). Painted Redstart (Myioborus pictus), ML Video 464938. Macaulay Library. Ithaca NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Available at: www.macaulaylibrary.org
4. Interaction ruling animal collective behavior depends on topological rather than metric distance: evidence from a field study;Ballerini;Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,2008
Cited by
74 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献