State of the Art of Apple Waste in the Circular Economy

Abstract

With the increasing world population, the use of resources has accelerated, environmental problems have increased, and the climate crisis has been faced. As in many sectors, investments are made for the changing process in industry, food, agriculture, livestock, and similar fields. Studies are carried out to evaluate various fruit and vegetable wastes obtained as a result of agricultural activities all over the world. One of these products is apple. In the literature, there are studies on waste generated after processing apple fruit as fruit juice or other apple products. It would not be correct to qualify these residues as waste. Revaluation of these wastes as a result of certain processes is one of the activities of the circular economy. In this chapter, different evaluation methods such as composting, bioenergy production, biochemical production, landfilling, animal feed production, or vegan leather productions that can be applied to apple waste are introduced. The application of different evaluation methods, their advantages and disadvantages are examined.