Perception, Trust, and Accountability Affecting Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is intended to help clinicians exercise their professional judgment in making appropriate decisions for a given patient. Recently, research has exhibited the phenomenal performance of AI in healthcare, portraying the technology as an effective and efficient assistant. However, the acceptance and use of AI in healthcare are very limited. It is essential to understand that the overall skepticism against AI arises due to multiple factors and should be addressed as a systems problem. This chapter focuses on three major determinants of AI acceptance in healthcare: clinicians' perception, trust, and accountability. According to this chapter, moving forward, research should view AI as a socio-technical system and emphasize its ecological validity. Researchers should consider users' needs, capabilities, and interactions with other work system elements to ensure AI's positive impact in transforming healthcare.