A Complete Validated Learning Analytics Framework

Abstract

Advances in technology have given the learning analytics (LA) area further potential to enhance the learning process by using methods and techniques that harness educational data. However, the lack of guidelines on what should be taken into considerations during application of LA hinders its full adoption. Therefore, this article investigates the issues that should be considered during the design of LA experience from the data use perspective. The results obtained present a validated LA framework which is composed of eighteen validated key issues that should be considered by various stakeholders in their contexts to enhance designing LA experiences. This framework can also be used by researchers and practitioners to learn more about LA and its designing issues.