The Impact of Cumulative Cochlear Implant Wear Time on Spoken Language Outcomes at Age 3 Years

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of cumulative hearing hour percentage (HHP) on pediatric cochlear implant users' speech and language development at age 3 years and to determine an evidence-based wear time recommendation that yields typical spoken language standard scores. Method A retrospective chart review of 40 pediatric cochlear implant recipients was completed. Children met the following criteria: prelingually deafened, implanted at age 2 years or younger, utilized a speech processor with datalogging capabilities, a minimum of 1 year of cochlear implant use, and language testing completed at approximately age 3 years. Exclusion criteria included significant inner ear malformation (i.e., common cavity) or developmental delay that would preclude spoken language development. Results Multiple regression analysis revealed that age and implantation and HHP were predictive of spoken language skills at age 3 years. Further analysis yielded wear time recommendations associated with age-appropriate spoken language based on the age at implantation. Conclusions When the goal is age-appropriate spoken language, wear time recommendations should reflect a child's current age, age at implantation, and the comparative daily sound access of age-matched normal-hearing peers. The HHP measurement can help provide that information. The minimum wear time recommendation should be set to 80% HHP with the ultimate goal of 100% HHP to give pediatric cochlear implant recipients enough access to sound and language to achieve their spoken language goals.