A minimally-invasive method for sampling human petrous bones from the cranial base for ancient DNA analysis

Author:

Sirak Kendra A.12,Fernandes Daniel M.23,Cheronet Olivia2,Novak Mario4,Gamarra Beatriz2,Balassa Tímea5,Bernert Zsolt6,Cséki Andrea7,Dani János8,Gallina József Zsolt9,Kocsis-Buruzs Gábor10,Kővári Ivett11,László Orsolya12,Pap Ildikó6,Patay Róbert13,Petkes Zsolt14,Szenthe Gergely15,Szeniczey Tamás16,Hajdu Tamás16,Pinhasi Ron217

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

2. School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Ireland

3. CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

4. Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia

5. Biomedical Centrum Ltd., Pomáz, Hungary

6. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Department of Anthropology, Budapest, Hungary

7. Archeodata 1998 Ltd., Polgár, Hungary

8. Déri Museum, Debrecen, Hungary

9. Ásatárs Ltd., Kecskemét, Hungary

10. Salisbury Ltd., Budaörs, Hungary

11. Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA), HI, USA

12. Hungarian National Museum, Analytical Laboratory, Budapest, Hungary

13. Ferenczy Museum Center, Department of Archaeology, Szentendre, Hungary

14. Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for the Humanities, Institute of History, Budapest, Hungary

15. Hungarian National Museum, Department of Archaeology, Budapest, Hungary

16. Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Biology, Department of Biological Anthropology, Budapest, Hungary

17. Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Abstract

Ancient DNA (aDNA) research involves invasive and destructive sampling procedures that are often incompatible with anthropological, anatomical, and bioarcheological analyses requiring intact skeletal remains. The osseous labyrinth inside the petrous bone has been shown to yield higher amounts of endogenous DNA than any other skeletal element; however, accessing this labyrinth in cases of a complete or reconstructed skull involves causing major structural damage to the cranial vault or base. Here, we describe a novel cranial base drilling method (CBDM) for accessing the osseous labyrinth from the cranial base that prevents damaging the surrounding cranial features, making it highly complementary to morphological analyses. We assessed this method by comparing the aDNA results from one petrous bone processed using our novel method to its pair, which was processed using established protocols for sampling disarticulated petrous bones. We show a decrease in endogenous DNA and molecular copy numbers when the drilling method is used; however, we also show that this method produces more endogenous DNA and higher copy numbers than any postcranial bone. Our results demonstrate that this minimally-invasive method reduces the loss of genetic data associated with the use of other skeletal elements and enables the combined craniometric and genetic study of individuals with archeological, cultural, and evolutionary value.

Publisher

Future Science Ltd

Subject

General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Biotechnology

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