1. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine and
2. Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
3. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
4. Department of Intensive Care, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
5. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
6. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
7. Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada