1. Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
2. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine,
3. Department of Physiology, and
4. Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
5. Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom;
6. Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom; and
7. Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
8. Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada