1. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine
2. Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
3. Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
4. Service de Pneumologie, Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S), Assistance Publique–Hopitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
5. Unite Mixte de Recherche-Sorbonne 1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
6. Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
7. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
8. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
9. Keenan Centre for Biomedical Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
10. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
11. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
12. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
13. Dipartimento di Medicina d'Urgenza e di Terapia Intensiva e Anestesia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario, A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
14. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
15. Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
16. Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
17. Department Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, ICU, St. Anne’s Archbishop Hospital, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
18. Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
19. Laboratório de Pneumologia, Laboratório de Investicação Médica 9, Disciplina de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
20. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
21. Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, and
22. Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
23. Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hopital Edouard Herriot Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 955 Créteil, Lyon, France
24. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
25. Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
26. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois
27. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, Illinois
28. Département de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation et Médecine Hyperbare, Centre Hospitalier d’Angers, Angers, France
29. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Scientific Hospitalization and Care Institute, San Matteo Polyclinic Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
30. Department of Physiology and
31. Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Anesthesia and Critical Care Department B, Saint Eloi Teaching Hospital, PhyMedExp, Montpellier University Hospital Center, University of Montpellier, Joint Research Unit 9214, National Institute of Health and Medical Research U1046, National Scientific Research Center, Montpellier, France; and
32. Department of Intensive Care, Vrije University Location, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
33. Servei de Medicina Intensiva Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain