1. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine,
2. University Health Network/Sinai Health System,
3. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, Australia;
4. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine,
5. Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, and
6. Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
7. Laboratório de Pneumologia LIM-09, Disciplina de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
8. Critical Care Center, Institut d’Investigacio i Innovacio Parc Taulí I3PT-CERCA, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain;
9. Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;
10. Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí 1, Sabadell, Spain;
11. Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
12. Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
13. Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada