1. Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York;
2. Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York;
3. Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, ARDS and ECMO Center, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University Hospital, Cologne, Germany;
4. Dipartimento di Anestesia, Rianimazione ed Emergenza-Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy;
5. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
6. Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Unity Health Toronto, and
7. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada