A dual-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer array with low inter-element coupling effects

Abstract

Abstract This paper presents a dual-frequency piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) line array with low crosstalk level, which was fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers with sputtered piezoelectric thin film (PZT) and Si diaphragm structure. The obtained array consists of 120 of 0.77 MHz and 192 of 2.30 MHz PMUT units in total with minimum interspace of 50 μm. Due to the high piezoelectric coefficient of PZT, the PMUT shows high transmitting sensitivity in air and good effective electromechanical coupling factor. The displacement sensitivities are assessed to be 595 nm V−1 and 112 nm V−1 at the resonant frequencies of 0.77 MHz and 2.30 MHz respectively in air. To reduce the vibration coupling, rectangular grooves in the bottom silicon are designed between the adjacent line elements, and the PMUT units in the array are arranged in a mis-aligned style. Modal analysis for the 0.77 MHz units indicates neighbouring coupling-vibration decreases greatly from 44.5% to 14.8% of the excited vibration when the excited line is driven at 4Vpp, which proves both the grooves and the mis-aligned ranking are effective for coupling effect reduction. Moreover, results indicate the coupling effect between different frequencies can be ignored due to their inherent resonance characteristics. The sound pressures for a single 0.77 MHz line element and 2.30 MHz line element are evaluated to be 53 kPa and 73 kPa at a distance of 1 cm in water. This high performance dual-frequency PMUT line array makes some high resolution imaging methods possible based on PMUT technology, such as those of dual-frequency, total focus.